The Sustainability Of The South African Coastal Environmental Sciences Essay

The sustainability of South Africa ‘s coastal systems is at hazard due to many lending factors and South Africa as a state has begun to take action. Sustainability is the ability to reap or utilize the resource without doing depletion or lasting harm. South Africa needs to aim the jobs and set into action the Torahs that will guarantee the sustainability of South Africa ‘s coastal ecosystems and resources. The South African coastline stretches for about 3000 kilometer from the north-west adust boundary line with Namibia, around the Cape to the booming Eastern St Lucia estuaries near the Mozambique boundary line. The coastline is rugged and exposed to high moving ridge energy. For most of the twelvemonth, there are air currents along the seashore. South Africa ‘s east seashore is characterised by comparatively warm H2O, whilst the West seashore has colder Atlantic H2O. In the South, intermediate temperatures are prevailing. The alimentary rich Waterss off the south West seashore support abundant marine life while a smaller measure of fish but a greater diverseness of species can be located off the E seashore. These available resources offer chances for South Africa ‘s hereafter development, both socially and economically. Like many other states, South Africa is going progressively cognizant of the importance of the proper direction of marine resources. Extreme force per unit area is being placed on the oceans by angling vass that are able to easy turn up and catch big sums of fish. In many cases, marine life, other than comestible fish, is being caught in the fishing cyberspaces and this is holding a negative impact on the sustainability of South Africa ‘s marine resources. Fishing is a primary economic activity in South Africa. The demand for resources has resulted in fish stocks being over harvested. The depletion of these resources has and will hold rough effects for the communities depending on them and the South African economic system in general. Rural countries where the communities rely on the usage of marine resources for their subsistence have increased force per unit area on these marine beginnings through the harvest home of fish, mussels, crayfish and ear-shell and therefore hold ad ded to the force per unit area on resources. Every twelvemonth, about 4000 ships pass the Cape of Good Hope. Due to the notoriously bad conditions conditions along the Cape seashore, the hazard of marine pollution additions, peculiarly from oil oilers. Due to the high figure of foreign ships dispatching their ballast H2O in South African ports, a figure of foreign invasive Marine beings have been introduced into the South Africa coastal Waterss. These invasive beings are replacing autochthonal beings, thereby puting utmost force per unit area on autochthonal beings which could finally ensue in the autochthonal beings vanishing from the South African seashore line wholly. The individual greatest subscriber to environmental alteration in the coastal zone of South Africa is population growing and related development. Much of the state ‘s coastal development revolves around seven big commercial ports including Cape Town, Durban and Richards Bay. The alteration in coastal land usage, through urban invasion, consequences in estuaries being placed under environmental strain from the environing land based home grounds. This strain frequently consequences in the closing of the estuaries and the impairment of marine H2O quality, which increases human wellness hazards because of sewerage, storm H2O and other wastewater being discharged into the estuaries. There are about 63 outflowing mercantile establishments located along the South African seashore. These mercantile establishments daily discharge a big volume of sewage and industrial waste into the sea. This causes bathing H2O and marine beings such as shrimps and mussels to go contaminated. Previously, there were legion provincial coastal development policies in topographic point in South Africa. This resulted in an uneffective scheme. In add-on, many offices were under staffed and underfunded which resulted in confused and contradictory attacks to coastal zone direction. This was exacerbated by the hold in O.K.ing support to pull off negative impacts on the coastal zone including the discharge of untreated sewerage along the shoreline. Although there has been extended research of South Africa ‘s coastal and marine systems, there are still many countries which have non yet been researched and which have resulted in many spreads in the scientific apprehension of these systems. Much of the bing information relates to piscaries including estuarial ecology. However, and although the alteration in coastal land usage is impacted on badly through urban invasion, this country of research is still dawdling behind. Marine diamond excavation along the west seashore of South Africa is being undertaken, in peculiar between the Orange River oral cavity and Lambert ‘s Bay. This excavation disrupts the seabed therefore upseting the bing home grounds of marine life. This break takes decennaries to retrieve and it is unknown whether these home grounds of all time return to their original province. Miners along the east seashore of South Africa besides mine a figure of heavy metals such as Ti. This excavation impacts negatively on and upset the sand dunes systems and estuaries. In peculiar, the damming of laguna H2O by the mineworkers adversely affects fish and crustaceans in the lagunas. South African ‘s duty and execution of policies to protect its coastal and Marine systems has historically been fragmented. However, and over the past figure of old ages, it has introduced environmental statute law and policies which have resulted in new Torahs to increase the functionality and sustainability of the South African coastal and marine systems. These Torahs and policies were introduced as a consequence of international legal duties placed on South Africa and South Africa recognizing that it has a responsible function to play in the direction and usage of its coastline and marine systems. The Torahs that have been introduced hence require more effectual and efficient direction of the seashore and marine systems. Included in the new Torahs which have been introduced, South Africa promulgated the National Environmental ; Integrated Coastal Management Act that became jurisprudence in December 2009. This jurisprudence is dedicated to guaranting the sustainability of Sou th Africa ‘s coastal and marine systems. The act besides makes mention to coordinated and incorporate direction of the coastal zones, and the saving, protection and extension of coastal public belongings. Apart from the coastal direction stairss, which have been taken, the Government of South Africa has established an estuarine research and direction unit to advance the direction of estuarial systems in South Africa. As the control of pollution at sea is besides an of import facet of continuing the coastal and marine systems in South Africa, South Africa has followed international tendencies and introduced statute law to command pollution at sea. This statute law has been extended to include an oil spillage program for the South African coastline to guarantee that in the event of there being an oil spill, that those who are responsible for battling oil spills along the seashore, are good placed to make so. Last, the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention empowers South Afric a to command all activities within its sole economic zone. This jurisprudence assists South Africa in cut downing the possible hazard of pollution along its coastline as it has the sole and sole authorization to modulate activities within this zone. South Africa needs to take action and do certain that many follow and abide by the Torahs put in topographic point Through the execution and enforcement of Torahs, South Africa will be able to take down the hazard of its sustainability of coastal resources and guarantee the safety of the state ‘s development.

Advantage and Disadvantage of Ojt Essay

What is OJT ? * OJT (On-the-Job Training), sometimes called direct instruction, is one of the earliest forms of training (observational learning is probably the earliest,). It is a one-on-one training located at the job site, where someone who knows how to do a task shows another how to perform it. In antiquity, the kind of work that people did was mainly unskilled or semiskilled work that did not require specialized knowledge. Parents or other community members, who knew how to do a job necessary for survival, passed their knowledge on to the children through direct instruction. Advantages : * Trainees are provided with job experience, an invaluable asset for achieving gainful employment. * Trainees are exposed to the numerous advantages that are associated with being employed. They earn an income through a stipend but they also become more familiar with interpersonal relationships, networking, responsibility and the importance of interdependence within the working environment. * Trainees get an opportunity to prove themselves to an employer and, based on their work performance and the existence of vacancies within the organization, they may eventually be employed on a more permanent basis. * Training time is reduced when compared to traditional off site learning. * From an employer’s prospective, OJT can be an advantage in that it can increase the productivity of workers. Well-trained employees will be better at performing their jobs no matter what type of job they hold. Even though it is costly to train employees, the investment can pay off in the future as workers employ their new skills. Work that is low quality or performed improperly can also be costly; training can help eliminate these issues. Disadvantage: * Traditional OJT relies heavily on an experienced employee to provide the instruction based on what they feel are the most important topics. What is important to one employee may not be important to another. The result is what is learned may vary greatly, depending on who is assigned as the trainer. * Without a structured lesson guide, OJT trainers often forget to cover important information. What is learned is likely to be based on what happened that day rather than on what a new employee needs to know to be safe and productive. * While the hands-on aspect of OJT may appeal to the practical learner, often the underlying theories of operation are not covered in sufficient detail or accuracy. Without this foundation of knowledge, trainees often learn what to do, not why they are doing it, resulting in poor decision making when things don’t go exactly right. * The trainee observes and may adopt the trainer’s habits and attitudes about all aspects of the job including safety, quality, customer service, and relationship with management. Poorly selected trainers can have many unintended consequences. * More prone to errors and risk .

The Peasant Revolt And The Fall Of The Mayan Civilization Essay

The Peasant Revolt And The Fall Of The Mayan Civilization - Essay Example The high level of interaction and the diffusion of culture were in the region and this explains why the Maya civilization had many features in common with the other Mesoamerican civilization. Epigraphy, writing, and calendar did not originate in Maya; however, these advances were highly developed by them. There is evidence of Maya influence from Belize, El Salvador, central Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras. The many of outside influences are evident in the Maya art and architecture that are believed to be because of the trade with other people and cultural exchange. The people of Maya never vanished with the decline during the classical period or Spanish colonization (Maloy 39). Today, the Maya people are still existing maintaining a set of traditions and beliefs. The Maya civilization geographically extended to the present day southern Mexico States of Tabasco, Chiapas, the Yucatan states of Quintana Roo, northern Central America, Campeche present-day Guatemala, Honduras, and Belize. There are still arguments on when the Maya civilization began the archeological discoveries of the occupation of Maya at Belize and Cuello. Sedentary communities characterized the early Maya community in that the Mayan people had skills in pottery and fired clay figurines. The early sites in Maya include Chocola and Izapa who produced cocoa at around 600 BC. The Maya first wrote hieroglyphics inscriptions were dated 250 BC. Unfortunately around the 100AD, there was an abandonment of Maya sites due to the widespread decline which was known as the pre-classic collapse and it marked the end of the Mayan civilization (Perl 110-112). Between 250 AD and 900AD, these classic periods were characterized by the large-scale construction, record of the monumental inscription, urbanism, intellectual artistic development, particularly in the southern region.

PHYSICAL PRIVACY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

PHYSICAL PRIVACY - Coursework Example For our current assignment though, I am going to take one ethical issue that was embedded into that business decision and discuss it in great detail. I will do my best to discover all of the facts that I will need in order to create an informed analysis of this particular ethical issue and make some suggestions pertaining to how the ethical issue may be dealt with by the insurance company prior to it actually becoming an ethical situation that the company has to handle. For this particular assignment, I have chosen to deal with the problem of Agent Honesty when it comes to their treatment of client policies and collection agreements. In order to deal with this problem, the insurance company must first acknowledge the fact that the agents have a strong tendency to commit fraud once they have a non-exclusive partnership with the insurance company. Since they are basically freelancers, they do not answer directly to the company for any of their actions. If an insurance company uses too many independent agents, the possibility of being able to monitor all of their client based actions diminishes. Independent agents prefer having the more limited relationship that their status provides with the company as opposed to an exclusive agent who is bound by more company rules and regulations in terms of ethics. That is why in the case of independent agents, the tendency of the insurance company is to have a narrow and specific view of the agent's business actions. The company will tend to not care too much about the actions of their independent agents without realizing that the unethical actions of the independent agents will have clear ramifications for their company as well in terms of protecting their clients against fraud. It is most likely that not all independent agents are aware of the fact that they are committing fraud in certain instances due to their lack of proper manpower training in terms of insurance sales services. Therefore, it is important that the compan y reiterate the importance of honesty in all their business dealings in order to preserve the image of the company with future clients, and enhance their company image with their existing client base. Agents need to always be ethical and compliant of all government insurance standards. There is no gray area in this matter. Rogue insurance agents can cause the insurance company a sizable amount of fines and potential financial losses through fraud related lawsuits that the company will find itself facing. Considering the lack of company based supervision of independent agents, it would seem more logical for insurance companies to deal with exclusive agents instead since they can have a more personal relationship with these agents whose actions and portfolios are open and easily accessible to the company. Thus making it easier to detect ethical violations at any given time. It is of the utmost importance that insurance companies be highly observant of their independent agent's pattern s of behavior or financial transactions over a period of time. This will help the company sniff out the potential abnormalities in the actions of the agent that could signify that the agent is involved in fraudulent actions against the company clients and the company itself. This can usually be determined by observing the agent's pattern of payment submission to the insurance com

Final Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Final - Research Paper Example Economists and social scholars have termed the crash of the financial markets in the United States of America as a self-serving failure on the part of the regulations of the government. There were lapses and loopholes in the fiscal regulation deposed and an unimplemented by the government contributed to the financial crush. At this point and level, it may be needless to stress on the effects and impact of the financial crash since the effects and extent of the crash was felt far and wide. It however did cost the country as a whole to revive the economy such as the banks being forced to give mortgages band loans to people without proper credit worthiness record (Hartmann, Straetmans & Vries, 2004). Analysts and economic observes have raised concerns and issues such to the direction that the extent of the negative effects and consequences of the financial meltdown could have been avoided if there were proper regulations on banks and micro-credit institutions which gave out mortgages. In order to pursue this research to its logical conclusion and end, it would be imperative to gauge the macro and fiscal regulations which would be introduced along government policies to control the effects of the crash. Thus, this paper will delve into the concept and issue of fiscal policies which would be introduced hand in hand with the remedial policies by the United States government to help caution and prevent the economy in going into another financial markets crash. In principle, there are sectors and areas which would prove beneficial to this study so as to arrive at informed inference and recommendation (Hodgson, 2009). They include the policy sectors, the bank regulatory authorities and the financial markets as a whole. Therefore this research and study will seek to explore means and avenues which will caution the economy of

Evidence of the GM Food Unsafely Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence of the GM Food Unsafely - Essay Example These are the same animals that humans consume, despite the fact that they are reared using GM crops. From a food chain perspective, it should be noted that every single GM food in the food chain will eventually reach the consumer. Advocates for GM food argue that they will enhance global food security, but this should be taken with caution since a food regulating and testing body should be established first before approving GM foods.Food allergies are a primary concern when it comes to GM food since 6% of children and 2% of children suffer from severe food allergies. GM foods can instigate a more severe allergy since they are reared to resist some conditions (Dona 164-175). Environmental risk is another factor that makes GM foods unacceptable for human consumption. These foods mean that foreign genes will be introduced into the wild population. It will, therefore, require those handling such foods to be adequately trained to avoid contaminating natural foods. Other environmental fac tors include reduction of plant’s spectrum, though GM foods have not been in the ecosystem for long. It can, therefore, be stated with utmost conviction that lack of evidence GM foods safety is not proof that they are safe.

Business Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Environment - Assignment Example In other cases, reduction of tax on consumer goods encourages growth of primary industries and increases consumer purchasing power. This gives supermarkets and other retail shops a chance to sell more products and increase their profits. These profits can then be reinvested back to the economy. Low taxes are also meant to encourage the growth of fresh firms. This is because young businesses are battling with competition and thus low taxes help them retain most of their profits. Likewise, spending by the government assists fresh firms. The government is able to give out revenue by redistributing it to those new organizations through subsidized loan, grants, or other forms of spending which are driven towards expanding businesses. For instance, a Supermarket research organization may be awarded federal or state loans and grants in order to start up new stores of supermarket (Frascona 18). Fiscal and monetary policies have a disadvantage because they take a lot of time for the anticipat ed economic effects to apply. Despite this, the policies are helpful to the economy because they help increase aggregate demand where it is lacking and also reduce it (Fishman 11). The Impact of Competition Policy and Regulatory Mechanisms on an Organisation Competition policy and regulatory mechanisms have various impacts on business organisations such as companies and partnerships. These policies affect various types of businesses differently. For example, a supermarket such as Traders Joe is a large business that was affected differently by competition from other forms of businesses. The supermarket’s sales, in 2008 were affected by unhealthy competition from other retail chains. Consumer freedom to choose what to consume from this supermarket was limited by an advertisement that portrayed it as selling inferior goods. This made customers not buy goods from it. This is an example of how advertisements can limit consumer freedom (Lewis 10). Other activities that can lead to unfair competition may come from supermarkets that have large presence in an area. These supermarkets may raise and lower prices as they wish in order to meet their profit targets. Such supermarkets may also be in a position to buy products from manufacturers at very low prices. This means they will pass the same product to final customers at low price compared to other supermarkets (Frascona 18). A supermarket may be also having a strong brand name which makes it to be considered as one of the most successful retailers. According to Lewis, the government should control such supermarkets by taxing them more money than other supermarkets (9). This will ensure healthy competition that increases efficiency and efficient use of resources. The government may also come up with regulatory mechanism on certain products. For example, the government completely making it illegal for supermarkets to sell manufactured or processed foods to ensure that its citizens are healthy. The government ma y also have a zero tax on infant’s foods and clothing to encourage population growth in advance countries of the world that shows decreasing population trends (Frascona 18). Effects of market structures on the pricing and output decisions of a business The forces of demand and supply are at times not the only determinants of market price. Market structures such as oligopoly and monopoly disrupt the normal forces of

System Design in IT Area Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

System Design in IT Area - Essay Example The various customers are tracked for their quality of return with respect to date and material. The various records pertain to determining the loyal customers so that promotions and special offers are facilitated to them. 4. Record of holding status: The system maintains the currently held stock by the employees and ensures better management of records. The customers holding stock would ensure better management of the DVDs and Game consoles for effective stock management and grant other customers. 5. Wishlist: The customer’s wish list would focus on various future stocks which they desire so that they are able to procure that on a priority basis. The knowledge would ensure system to capture ways to serve the customers. 6. FAQ: The system must enforce a help status so that better management of DVDs and Game consoles are done and would fetch the user with detailed documentation of hardware and software’s required for ensuring the correct workability of the system. 8. Inventory status: The various inventory, comprising the DVD and game consoles, required to be ascertained for their availability in the store. The knowledge is useful in determining the amount of stock and the existing detail of the present availability. This would largely help in granting or denying requests. 9. Damaged stock: Knowing the damaged stock is very crucial so as to reduce any complications with respect to customer satisfaction. Also, the returning orders must be checked for their damage status. This requirement is very important to be present as it incurs a loss to the inventory and successively the profit. 10. Fines: Determining the fines to be levied would ensure better use of the system towards negligence of the customers so that the loss towards damage is recovered. It also puts a negative rating to the customer and decides a condition for their repeat. 11. Determination of final accounts: The determination of the statement of expenditures and incomes are to be ascertained so that the firm 6ME successfully determines their profit or loss for the desired period. The system would create better impression for audit trails and maximizes the computation of company financial status.

Management skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management skills - Essay Example In his book, which is a scholarly source he emphasis that companies should emulate competitive intelligence, strategic planning and management action in order to have an effective early warning system. The book is relevant and practical especially to the enterprises managers who aim at excelling in the 21st century. Byars who is also an expert in the field of strategic management, has embarked on providing appropriate scholarly acceptable information that covers various techniques of formulating and implementing management principles. These include proper organizational structure and adoption of adequate measures in planning and controlling of companies resources. The journal is written by academicians to analyze the growth of the UK grocery retailers and their strategic objectives. This makes it to be a scholarly source. Clarke Ian and Bennison are senior lecturers in the department of Retailing and Marketing at the University of Manchester Metropolitan while Clifford is a senior lecturer based in Cardiff University of Wales in the department of City and Regional Planning. The authors give candid information to the students on the effects of changes in formats by the competitors in the UK food retail sector. Flavià ¡n, C., Haberberg, A and Polo Y. 2002. Food retailing strategies in the European Union. A comparative analysis in the UK and Spain, Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, Vol. 9 Issue 3, pp.125-138. The journal is popular in giving a clear analysis of the competition that exist in the UK groceries food retailers. The authors who are market researchers, highlights the market share of the UK major supermarkets that include Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Morrisons. The journal is an important source for this paper that seeks to undertake competition as well as PESTEL analysis This working paper is sensational in nature since it tries to seek the reaction of suppliers if customers are hesitant to try

MRSA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MRSA - Research Paper Example MRSA is a nuisance in hospital for the patients with open wounds or on invasive devices and bothersome for immunocompromised patients. The study reports MRSA to be the major cause of illness and mortality in the hospitalized patients and thereby enhances the burden of hospitalization cost. The research reports the mortality associated with MRSA between 1999- 2005. However, the article does not report the variation of cases in different hospitals to highlight the need of intervention required in a particular hospital to rule out the cause and take steps to eradicate MRSA as done in the study carried out by Hardy et al, (2007). The article considered evidence based research to highlight allocated resources to deal with MRSA and emphasize on the decision of policy makers to adopt control measures, but the article does not state the control measures to be adopted in different hospital settings to check spread of nosocomial spread of MRSA. On the other hand the study carried out by Hardy et al, (2007) specify the microbiological identification of patients followed by the isolation of such cases to prevent cross-infection together with application of mupirocin and skin disinfectant in order to remove the chances of any carriage. The article emphasize on thorough screening and isolation. According to Hardy et al, (2007), the interventions to control MRSA infection are poorly designed and including nurse cohort in bays. The screening method that is suggested by Hardy et al, (2007) directly implicate the molecular methods for detection of MRSA such as multiplexed PCR primers to detect the presence of gene (mecA). Methodology The methodology adopted was based on estimated incidence, i.e. the number of hospitalized cases with S. aureus-related discharge. The Surveillance Network (TSN) Database- is an electronic repository of susceptibility test is utilized to test the drug resistance patterns. However, the study highlights NHDS report on the mortality of the patient but t he reason of mortality was not specified. The report estimated only those mortality cases which were involved with MRSA. On the contrary, study carried out by Hardy et al, (2007) was systematically planned involving socio-economic, ethnic as well as age characteristics. It involved seven surgical wards encompassing general surgery, vascular, thoracic, ENT, trauma and orthopedic as well as urology. The study also had inclusion and exclusion criteria of the cases in contrast to the study carried out by Klein et al, (2007) which does not have any exclusion criterion nor does the study involved sampling procedure. On the other hand, study carried out by Hardy et al, (2007) involved nasal samples as they can be procured easily and have 84% sensitivity. The results procured were immediately conveyed to the staff of the concerned departments to have laboratory protocol and for patient information and communication. All these actions such as data collection, data analysis, sample size, econ omic analysis, modelling were swiftly performed to control the infection. All these methods were lacking in the study carried out by Klein et al, (2007). Discussion According to Klein et al, (2007), antimicrobial drug-resistant illnesses inflict larger costs as compared to the susceptible infections caused for instance infection caused by Staphylococcus

Ashford University Essay Example for Free

Ashford University Essay Pornography is very addictive and can destroy someone’s marriage and life. This addiction can, and in many cases, lead to someone committing very serious sexual crimes. People who look at porn often look for more perversity in different areas. The resources from which I found my information on is the Ashford Library and a couple credible internet sites. There are several reasons why people turn to porn. Some reasons are for seeing their own fantasies acted out because they can’t act them out with their own partner / spouse, some people want to avoid intimacy within their own relationship for personal reasons, some just do it for personal pleasure. But for whatever reason, there is always a consequence that will follow. According to the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers (AAML), 56% of divorces occur because one spouse keeps returning to a pornographic website. These men / women feel as though they are being compared to these people in the pornographic films or pictures. Whether it’s the man or the woman who is watching porn inside the marriage, in most cases, they are doing this against their spouses wishes. This leads to lack of intimacy, low self esteem, shame, and lack of trust. This also makes the spouse feel as if they are no longer found attractive. â€Å"Just ask your spouse how confident they feel being naked in front of you after you’ve looked at pornography and you’ll understand this one.† ( http://www.debttolife.com ). Many people say that they introduce porn into their marriage to spice their love life up but in the end all this does is slowly destroy the intimacy that was there. After watching pornography people’s views are completely changed. After being exposed to R-  rated material men no longer see their spouse as they once did. They look at them now more as an object rather than an individual that they love. Studies have shown (http://www.webmd.com ) that pornography can be just the same as an addiction. Some experts who have studied porn addiction have called the effects of porn on the brain toxic and also compared it to the deadly drug cocaine (WebMD, 2014). These addicts no longer just suffer from nights without sleep or unpaid credit card bills but they are also becoming more engaged in group sex and sexual contact with animals. Other effects that have surfaced from pornography include acting out what they have seen in porn material, sexual acts towards children both boys and girls, and rape using foreign materials / objects. (The Forerunner, 1991). Child pornography is a disgusting fact that we hear about every day. â€Å"Child pornography is the visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct includes acts such as intercourse, bestiality and masturbation as well as lascivious exhibition of the genitals or pubic area.† (Pulido, 2013). Recently, there were 71 people, 70 men and 1 woman, who were arrested in child pornography charges. Among that 70 included a police officer, a paramedic, a rabbi, an airline pilot, an architect, and a Boy Scout leader. Many of these people who were arrest had search the phrases â€Å"real child rape† and â€Å"family sex† into their computers search engines turning up extremely disturbing images (Hays, 2014). With so many people connected to the internet it has made this type of crime so easy. Perverts and pedophiles search the web everyday to find new victims. â€Å"The victims are getting younger, and the images more violent.†(Flack). When a picture of a child circles the internet going from one person to another, that child is being re-abused. No child should have to endear that type of suffering, never! A peer to – peer, also known as P2P, file sharing network, that allows people to share music, videos, and pictures, was under investigation by authorizes and had 3,000 child pornography consumers with tens of thousands of child pornographic images  traded. â€Å"The investigation began after agents, using software available to law enforcement, were able to trace f iles of child pornography to an I.P. address on a computer used by Brian Fanelli, 54, who until January was the police chief of Mount Pleasant, N.Y† (Berger, 2014). Another, earlier, report back in 2009, out of all the arrest made on P2P users, 33 percent of those arrested had images of children three years old and younger and 42 percent had images of children showing some type of sexual explicit material. (Pulido, 2013). Virtue Ethics is â€Å"A persons character is the totality of his character traits. Our character traits can be good, bad or somewhere in between. They can be admirable or not. The admirable character traits, the marks of perfection in character, are called virtues, their opposites are vices.†(Garrett, 2005)., I believe that this theory is a big part of someone who is willing to put everything at risk for something so degrading and disrespectful to themselves. A persons character says a lot about who that person is and what that person may be capable of doing. Not everyone has good virtue ethics and this is when one’s character and moral traits come in play. One’s character is shown through their actions an d behavior, whether this is being good or bad. One’s moral values are shown through their honesty, their loyalty, and their respect for others. As we all know pornography is very popular but it can also cause serious problems. Many people look at the disturbing images not thinking about the consequences, they are only thinking about what is happening at that moment and at that moment that’s what they want to do. I look at this issue using the deontology theory. â€Å"Rather than looking at the consequences of an act, deontology looks at the reason for which an act is done, and the rule according to which one chooses to act.† (Mosser, 2013). I take that as someone doing something on impulse rather than thinking about the consequences that they will face when they act upon their decision. If someone knew that they was going to destroy their marriage by watching porn, if someone knew that by watching porn it would make them fall behind on their bills, or  if someone knew that by watching porn they would go out and commit sexual crimes, do you think they would have continued or even started looking at these image s, I think not! REFERENCES: Berger, J. (2014, May).71 Are Accused in a Child Pornography Case, Officials Say. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/22/nyregion/dozens-arrested-in-new-york-state-child-pornography-investigation.html?_r=0 Dr. Garrett. (2005, Nov.) Virtue Ethcs. Retrieved from http://people.wku.edu/jan.garrett/ethics/virtthry.htm Editorial Staff. (1991, Nov.). The Documented Effect of Porn. The Forerunner, X(VI). Retrieved from http://www.forerunner.com/forerunner/X0388_Effects_of_Pornograp.html Flack, (Date, N/A)E. Bill Calls For Harsher Penalties For Possessing Child Porn. Retrieved from http://www.wave3.com/story/4639194/bill-calls-for-harsher-penalties-for-possessing-child-porn Hays, T. (2014, May). Cop, rabbi among 71 charged in child porn case. Telegraph Herald Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1527156210?accountid=32521 Mosser, K. (2013). Ethics and social responsibility (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Pulido, Ph.D. (Oct, 201 3). Child Pornography: Basic Facts About A Horrific Crime. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mary-l-pulido-phd/child-pornography-basic-f_b_4094430.html

Is Urbanisation Good Or Bad Environmental Sciences Essay

Is Urbanisation Good Or Bad Environmental Sciences Essay Urbanization is a sign of human civilization and a centre of economy, politics and social life. When more modern buildings are being setting up, more farmers are coming into citys. It also means that more green areas and forests are disappearing. There is a series of environmental problems that have arisen. But I do not know whether urbanization is an advantage or disadvantage? This is the focus of attention in recent years for some people. The opinion of this essay is that urbanization is disadvantages out weighs its advantages. We can see a newly emerging community now: where there are supermarkets, schools, banks and so on. Without doubt several years ago, it was still the countryside. People depended on grazing and farming for live. This is the history of social reform and it is also the history of urbanization. Actually, what are the benefits for us of urbanization? It is firmly believe by this writer : Firstly, deal with the income. . The income in large areas is certainiy higher than that in small areas. Intuitively, the urban income is more than that in the countryside.For example, Shanghai residents in China, generaliy speaking, have higher living standards than those in other cities. Secondly, when incrcasing numbers of people flood into cities, the cities are often becoming larger and many people move out of the downtown area into the suburbs. This trend of urban construction is beneficial to the future cities development as whole. Thirdly, it provide development opportunities for big cities. With more people coming to the cities, urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward. In general, urban development is important for national economy development approach. While the economy is the level for the indicator of a country, urbanization is beneficial for us (Debroy,2009). Everything has two sides; as a balance, since it has a good side there must be a bad side. Then, what areas negative impact of urbanization on? Firstiy, a large amount of non-normal cultivated land has decreased, cities are built in the plain where has good natural conditions and it is also bulit in the best agricultural areas. By planning, Chinese urbanization will involve taking the national land 3% to 6%. The ratio seems to be small but the size is not small about 300 thousand to 600 thousand square km, which is equiralent to one-third or the half in Chinese plain of the total area. In fact, due to fast the development of urbanization, enclosure style is still prevalent. With the large number of luxury plant, buildings, variousimage projectsthe large fields and large tracts of former farmland disappeared, so many people in China had little arable land and the conflicts become more prominent. Only in recent years, the net loss reached 3800 million of cultivated land, this is the reason that results in a large number of landlessness, joblessness, insecure farmers and food production and successive landslide. Second is the issue of how urbanization.Urban growth is too fast and the cities are developing even larger with excessive concentration of population moving to the city in a short time.It inevitably generates a large number of unemployment, shortage of fresh water and energy supply, traffic congestion, increased crime, environment degradation and increased risk of various crises of phenomena. Some experts say that urbanization does not necessarily have a city disease, have a disease is rooted in the guiding ideology of one-side, unreasonable industrial structure and layout,low-density expansion,approach the development of city to overcome the disease,plan to reduce urban diseaseand management and treatment the city disease. The opinion was justified, but the problem is that can we guidelines one-side in practice? Can practive in a rational science? Can management be done strictly in place? Such as this summer in Beijing, a storm almost paralyzed the city traffic and in Shanghai, a strong wind and heavy rain that serious traffic jams and large-scale blackout happened. These incident exposed the urban construction and management of our problem is not essay.(Bnden,2010) the third point is the real estatebubble. Housing in many cities are too many and built up too quickly now. It has occupied a large number of bank funds. There will be a large number of houses left vacant and leading to economic crisis if severe over supply or the price exceed capacity of the public. Experience shows that the real estate bubble caused by the economic crisis take years to be back to life. fourthly, last but the most important point, which is a the modern problem of human concern : The environmental issues. Now, regardless of what is in the newspaper or on thewebsit or on TV there will always be some reports of environmental pollution that are caused by disasters. The most prominent is the issue of urban pollution: and one topic needing attention is the outstanding water pollution. Due to rapid urban population growth and rapid development of industry, a lot of water has not been properly dealt with and is put directly into the river.This causes serious damage to the water environment. The next type of pollution is the serious deterioration of air quality. The rapid development of industry, transportation and heavy use of fossil fuels has cause a serious deterioration in air quality by dust, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxide, ozone and other substancese into the atmosphere. The third pollution isoue is that of rubbish, were solid waste flooded and garbage is serious siege. Human life and production have created large amount of solid waste. At presently, China produces 660 million tons of industrial solid waste every year. There are 3000 to 4000 tons of hazardous waste in it, accumulated more than 64 million tons and it is occupying more than 500 million square meters land. Annual copacity of one ton of garbage and an annual groth rate is 7% to 8%.(Wang, 2000) From the point of views mentioned above, urbanization is like a balancing glant. On the one hand it promotes socio-economic development. On the other hand rapid urbanization will lead to the environment of human existence being devastated. It needs to find an equilibriurn that balances both sides. It not only enhances the socio-economic development but also minimize environmental pollution. But, what is the balance? And how to find the right one for effective? In general, the pace of urbanization should be robust and should maximize the benefits of urban expansion. We should avoid careless and blind thoughts about the disadvantages. There are some methods such as : promoting cycling and reducing by cars. This will not only reduce vehicle exhaust emission but also conserve the thenon-renewable resources of oil. We should raise awareness of human pollution, recycle waste by classification and strengthening the management of waste emissions from industrial enterprises and forth. Overall, urbanization is disadvantages more than its advantages .The government must plan for urban growth and development. It must make policies that will enhance sustainable land use and minimize ecological degradation. Urbanization is a cross-road which governments cannot ignore.

Meeting Criteria for Early Years Foundation Standards

Meeting Criteria for Early Years Foundation Standards Unit 3 Early years foundation standards are guidelines with in which a childcare facility work, members of staff must be checked by â€Å"Disclosure and barring service†, complete a Health declaration, least one member of staff needs a paediatric first aid certificate and should obtain a level 3 childcare qualification before they start caring for children, one member of staff must have suitable experience with under 2s, at least half of all other staff must hold a level 2 qualification in child care. The children’s health and safety is paramount. Child care facilities must work within the correct adult to child ratio, only permitting the correct number of children for the space they have available. Children under 2 1 adult -3 children Children aged 2 1 adult – 4 children Children aged 3+ 1 adult – 8 children Good. Within the facility provisions must be made for the development of every child, no child is excluded, every child must be supported in fulfilling their maximum potential, the early years stages have a long and lasting effect on the child’s future and ability to start school, no child should be left behind. Each child will be assessed so all of their needs can be met on an individual level and they have a personal plan in place so they succeed in all areas. The plan set in place should be available to parents, cares and any outside practitioner such as health visitors if needed. Every child should have equal opportunity, face no discriminatory actions and every child must be included and fully supported in their learning environment. Practitioners must remember every child is unique, they need to forge positive relationships, offer enabling environments, and plan varied activities as each child learns in a different way and at different rate , every child will have a key person, this person is the point of contact with the child’s parent or carer, they are responsible for helping the child be happy and safe, they are responsible for that child’s care, development and learning, they keep clear notes of the child’s progress and help parents with ideas for their child’s progress at home.( www.gov.uk//policies//early-years-foundation-stage) There are seven main criteria for the early year’s foundation the three prime areas are: Communication and language Physical development Personal, social and emotional development. Then there are four specific areas: Literacy Mathematics Understanding the world Expressive art and design. These core guides must be implemented into children’s everyday environment, communication and language: Children need to talk freely to one another and adults alike, roll play encourages children to interact, asking the children to describe things being big or small, talk about family members being male and female, young or old, encourage them to use descriptive language, and help them understand how it relates to them. Physical development: These activities develop the child’s skills set in handling equipment or showing control and co-ordination this is done with games or dance that involve pushing or pulling or outside games that use ball skills such as patting or kicking, throwing and catching, all of these skills help develop the child’s body and hand and eye co-ordination. Personal, social and emotional development: These skills are the ones a child needs to be confident, to talk and play with other children, to talk about themselves and their own environmen t, to talk about who they are. Doing an activity as simple as â€Å"show and tell† would give the child confidence to talk about something they love or something they have done, if you have children from many different cultures talking about their festivals and traditions encourages understanding of others. Literacy: Children love to be read to so try to use a story that is repetitive, giving the children confidence to join in, or ask the children to make up an alternative ending to a favourite story. Giving each child a word card and going round the room and using those words to build a story would help a child understand the context of the word and phonic sounds to build a word. Mathematics: Children enjoy filling and emptying bottles and containers using sand or water, doing so helps to understand, volume and size, building blocks can help them count, how many blocks can you build up before they collapse. Understanding the world: Children need to know where and how they fi t in, looking at traditions and festivals across all cultures encourages an understanding of self, making festival food , or making a garland worn at a wedding ceremony, helps the children understand the importance of different cultures, they also need to understand the natural world so going on a bug hunt, looking at the life cycle of a butterfly or creating a garden full of food for insects, this would help them understand the things they have seen and why there important to us as humans. Expressive art and design: Children like exploring and using many different materials, clay, play dough, card and paper, they can experiment with how to change their shape and form, use glue or tape and colour. Children like to be imaginative model making is a great way to encourage imagination and develop skills, mixing paint in to a variety of colours, so they can see that you only need primary colours to make any colour you wish. Respecting and valuing individuality Children and families must feel respect for who they are regardless of colour, race or sexual orientation, it’s the practitioners’ job to lead by example the children must understand that everybody is different, everybody has strengths and weaknesses, and everybody is valued. Encouraging manners, caring attitude and understanding will help children become well-rounded young adults. Children should be encouraged to celebrate their cultural differences, and to respect others family backgrounds, this needs to be done in a sharing way, having a world day were the children can look at different countries, the animals living there, the food, maybe ask a parent to ready a native story, it would bring to life the differences giving them greater understanding of where they fit in and how we all fit together. It is important for children not only to share their cultural differences but also their personal differences, some children are good at art some are good at swimming, helpi ng them celebrate their achievements helps children see that everybody is good at something but not all good at the same thing. Doing group activities helps the child learn to work as a team, encourage problem solving, help the children listen and negotiate with one another, or take time at lunch to sit together, talk politely, understanding that eating with the right cutlery and washing your hands before you sit down are all normal behaviour. Activity: Outcome: Awards, celebrate the children’s achievements in and out of care setting Reinforce positive self-image Make a class photo album, ask children to bring photos of family celebrations, and explore the different festivals across the cultures. Bring to life the different festivals and celebrations that happen around the world. Encourage understanding of other peoples culture Give children positive role models such as gold medal paralympians, put posters up around the room for the children to admire Let children understand that being disabled is not a negative and great achievements can still be made Include toys and play equipment that reflect other cultures, such as dressing up clothes, kitchen utensils in the play kitchen, puzzles and dolls By playing with these objects the children will become familiar with different cultures Cook food from around the world. Let the children make and taste different foods that they might not have everyday This activity would stimulate them and get them talking about feeling, texture, smell and taste. Cooking activities also help with measuring and science, and help children to understand health and safety and good hygiene. Sing songs and read stories from around the world, include rhymes and action songs Children love to participate; this activity is great for children whose first language is not English. Positive and negative behaviour Positive reinforcement is a technique used by care givers to modify behaviour, this involves giving positive reinforcement as often as possible, and reminding the children that negative behaviour will have consequences as a carer it is best to focus on the positive but if a negative occurs it needs to be dealt with swiftly and an explanation as to why it is negative behaviour, help the child to develop empathy, the child needs to know it is their behaviour you disapprove of not them as a person, if a child is consistently reprimanded for negative behaviour they will quickly become labelled as â€Å"the naughty child†, an action plan must be made for this child so that positive reinforcement can turn the situation around and positive behaviour becomes the norm. At no time should there be: pain, punishment, intimidation, yelling, degradation, humiliation, shame or guilt this would only hurt and confuse the child. Children need a positive environment to develop their self-esteem, emotional growth and well-being. (www.positivereinforcementforkids.com) Behaviour is not learned once but learned every day. Consistency is the key to dealing with any behavioural situation, children respond to set boundaries and feel safe knowing what is expected of them, let the children know what kind of behaviour you are looking for, with older children they could help set the consequences of their negative behaviour; it would encourage them to be more positive as they have set the rules. As the care giver you need to remain positive at all times it is your professional duty to do so, be a positive care giver, a negative attitude leads to a negative outcome! Consistency is key. Boundaries are needed to establish right from wrong. Children understand the their behaviour has consequences- both positive and negative Reward positive behaviour: give out stickers, or mark with a kind word â€Å"Thank you for being kind and helpful†, â€Å"Your team work was great†. Make the children feel valued and important. Star chart: so the children know that with consistent positive behaviour also comes reward. Praise the child for the effort not just their achievements, praise them for their strengths and remind them everyone is different. If you praise one child use the opportunity to encourage the rest of the group. Managing conflict We all encounter conflict every day, in the childcare environment it’s child to child conflict or child to adult conflict, study’s done at Texas tech uni by Dennis, Colwell and Lindsey show that girls often have child to child conflict that is more often than not resolved within their peer group, whereas boys often have child to adult conflict and that boys look to the adult to resolve the conflict.(www.kon.org/urc/dennis) As the practitioner it’s you job to manage conflict, like many life lessons children need to be equipped to deal with it, Vygotsky: a Russian social development theorist said â€Å" conflict provides a learning experience for children and in doing so they would learn to function better in the social context†, (www.simplypsychology.org) Vygotsky’s theory is not that uncommon amongst child behavioural theorist, his arguments are supported by the likes of Erikson who thought â€Å" life is full of conflict and in order to become a b etter person one must resolve conflict in each stage of life†. Often conflict is cause because of the developmental stage the child is at and they as children have not reached the stage where they have empathy or understanding, or sometimes children act out because it has become their learned behaviour, it is the way they have been treated or something they have seen in their everyday lives due to lack of good role models. As the care giver you need to step back and ask: Why is the child acting this way? What has made the child feel like this? Is it a cry for help? Does he/she need my understanding and empathy towards their feelings? Are the Childs need being met, are they unhappy, scared, confused or frustrated? Are they tired or hungry? Conflict is often born out of a misunderstanding, if identified quickly it can be resolved quickly, children need to feel that their side of the story is heard, as the care giver it is up to you to guide the situation from one of upset and stress on to a calmer and more positive footing, with a peaceful conflict resolution. Bibliography www.gov.uk//policies//early-years-foundation-stage http://www.positivereinforcementforkids.com/ www.simplypsychology.org www.kon.org/urc/dennis

Essay --

While raining, your child walks six blocks to the bus stop with no shelter. When the bus finally arrives, it is in need of thirty minutes to get to school. Eventhough, there is a school a couple blocks down from their house, it is not even a thought in the eyes of the law due to the mere color of their skin. This is not just the story of Oliver Brown and his family, but many other families experiencing discrimination throughout the world. Brown was ready for a change, so he and the NAACP gathered evidence to take on the courts. Through the process of many getting denied the acceptance of their children in school, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People gathered evidence for a lawsuit against the courts. Oliver Brown and many others were tired of the saying seperate but equal and the inferiority they were given through out their lives. Instead of just accepting the opinions of others and sitting around wanting a change, they stood for what they believed in, beco ming the turning point in America. Judith Conaway was the author of the book Brown vs. Board of Education. In this book, Conaway describes in detail, the discrimination and experiences our ancestors had to go through. Through the triumphs they experienced, laws changed where segregation was abolished and everyone is equal. She says that the "supreme court had ruled that racial segregation in public schools denied African Americans equal protection under the law." She also said that the courts agreed that seperate schools harmed black children both academically and psychologically. For example, African American children would choose white dolls over black dolls because the black dolls were considered ugly with their heads down. This decision of the c... ...aiting for. We are the change that we seek. All in all, just like Oliver Brown and the NAACP , do not live life waiting for things to happen, take control of today and be the future of yet to come. If you live life in fear and accept what is handed to you, you can never succeed. The decision of Brown vs. Board of Education did not just effect our ancestors, if effected us today and future generations. It accomplished more than the abolishment of segregation in school, it abolished segregation laws throughout the world. I am able to go to school everyday knowing I am not being discriminated against because the color of my skin. Not only that, I am able to go to a restaurant, movie theater, and even a water fountain without a sign saying white or black people only. In my oppinion they constituted the future for my education, all those before me, and those to follow.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Sir Gawain and The Green Knight The story, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, was told in the14th century by an anonymous poet about a young knight on his first adventure. In my analysis of Part 4, lines 2358 through 2350, I will discuss the significance of the number three, the tap, the asking of the Green Knight his name, and the green belt. I will develop the theory that the author uses this story and these significant symbols to bring out his Christian beliefs about the flesh and its weakness. The passage opens with the Green Knight explaining why he has not struck Gawain the first two times because Gawain has kept the agreements. The agreement is that whatever the Green Knight wins in the woods, he will exchange with Sir Gawain for his earning in the castle at the end of each day. The Green Knight explains that the reason that Gawain is tapped is because the third time he withheld a part of his earnings for the day (the green belt). The Green Knight swings two times, stopping short; on the third time, he taps Gawain, scarring him but not chopping off his head. There is great significance in the fact that the events in this poem occur in multiples of three. Three times Gawain is tempted by the lovely lady, and on the third time, he succumbs to her temptations, by accepting the green belt. The hunts take place on three different days. The third day, Gawain withholds a portion of his earnings. The Green Knight swings at Gawain three times. He purposely misses the first two times. On the third time he taps him, leaving a scar. The significance of all these threes is that Christianity teaches the trilogy: the Father, the Son, the Holy Ghost. Almost everything in life falls into groups threes: man, women, child; three trimesters to the birth of a child; the Sun, Moon and the Earth. The fact that the events unfold in counts of threes explains the depth with which the anonymous poet was trying to connect this story and this passage to the bible and biblical events. The tap represents Gawain's punishment for not exchanging his earnings. He is tapped instead of his head being chopped off because the Green Knight acknowledges the fact that he has told his wife, the lovely lady, to tempt Gawain and he understands why Gawain does not give up the green belt.

Vietnam Essay -- essays research papers

Vietnam War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War was truly one of the most uncommon wars ever fought. This conflict was so hostile and ironic, that the official beginning and end could never be identified, or pinpointed. Likewise, the enemies and the allies looked exactly alike. This turmoil made everyone in the war confused, because â€Å"anyone† could be a friend by day, and foe by night. Additionally, what made the war so difficult was the tactics used by many soldiers. These tactics were called â€Å"Guerrilla Warfare,† which consisted of the simple process of â€Å"hide, shoot, and run.† Surprisingly, this fighting technique matched the skills of many of the best-trained soldiers from the opposite side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War fought between the communist North Vietnam, and the non-communist South Vietnam was supported by the United States. The main objective of the war was to contain the leader. Ho Chi Minh, was the leader of the â€Å"league for the independence of Vietnam,† generally known as the Viet Minh. The league was organized in 1941 as a â€Å"nationalistic party†; their goal was to seek Vietnamese independence from France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  South Vietnam did not have the resources of modern military technology; therefore, the capacity of depending on themselves, was minimum. The United States were allied with South Vietnam, and they made a massive deployment, that begun in the spring of 1965. The deployment consisted of and initial wave of... Vietnam Essay -- essays research papers Vietnam War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War was truly one of the most uncommon wars ever fought. This conflict was so hostile and ironic, that the official beginning and end could never be identified, or pinpointed. Likewise, the enemies and the allies looked exactly alike. This turmoil made everyone in the war confused, because â€Å"anyone† could be a friend by day, and foe by night. Additionally, what made the war so difficult was the tactics used by many soldiers. These tactics were called â€Å"Guerrilla Warfare,† which consisted of the simple process of â€Å"hide, shoot, and run.† Surprisingly, this fighting technique matched the skills of many of the best-trained soldiers from the opposite side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War fought between the communist North Vietnam, and the non-communist South Vietnam was supported by the United States. The main objective of the war was to contain the leader. Ho Chi Minh, was the leader of the â€Å"league for the independence of Vietnam,† generally known as the Viet Minh. The league was organized in 1941 as a â€Å"nationalistic party†; their goal was to seek Vietnamese independence from France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  South Vietnam did not have the resources of modern military technology; therefore, the capacity of depending on themselves, was minimum. The United States were allied with South Vietnam, and they made a massive deployment, that begun in the spring of 1965. The deployment consisted of and initial wave of...

The theory of relativity and its use in Sci-Fi

This investigation looks in to the different aspects of general and special relativity that has been used in science fiction movies. This report talks about the difficulties and possibilities of travelling at the speed of light (c), the different propulsion systems that could be used and how trecknology has changed the boundaries of physics in Hollywood features. Time travel also features looking at different theories behind it with a number of new ideas. The Foundations of relativity were set out in detail by Albert Einstein. The ‘special' version of the theory, which applies to observers in a uniform relative motion, has led to a number of successful conclusions of a variety of effects. Newton's laws of motion give us a complete description of the behaviour of moving objects at low speeds (speed of objects much less than the speed of light). These laws being thought up in the 17th century, when the classical laws of dynamics where being formulated by other early physicists, these classical laws are themselves subject to a relativity principle. Einstein's special theory of relativity gives the motion of particles moving at close to the speed of light. It actually gives the motion of any particle. This does not however prove Newton wrong; his equations are within Einstein's relativistic equations. Einstein's theory of special relativity is based on two assumptions: 1. All inertial (i.e. non-accelerating) frames of reference are equally valid (i.e. any observations or experiments performed will produce equally valid results). 2. The speed of light is constant for all inertial frames of reference. Given these two statements, Einstein showed how definitions of momentum and energy must be refined and how quantities such as length and time must change from one observer to another in order to get consistent results for physical quantities. Science fiction has for years tried to incorporate the theories that govern the reality of physics within their programmes, to keep those die hard science fiction fans happy. Science fiction has been subject to cult following for many years and in many countries, although no matter how hard they try there are a number of important facts that seem almost popular to overlook, the main one being travelling at the speed of light. Many programmes have some sort of light propulsion, warp drive and travel to other universes. But can this really be done? Many physicists all over the world have tried to find out if travelling faster than the speed of light is possible without violating relativity. We do know that is impossible to accelerate forever, because the closer to the speed of light we get the mass tends to infinity this means that there would need to be an infinite amount of energy needed to push us past this speed barrier; This equation represents what would happen to mass when relativistic speeds are reached. Here, m is the mass, of an object at rest; m' is the value for the moving reference frame. As you get closer to the speed of light the product at the bottom of the equation gets closer to zero so this means that m'/m tends to infinity. If you were to rearrange this equation so to get the value of m' the same results are seen. The increase in mass, however, is best understood not as a change in mass but as a change in the relationship of mass and momentum. Momentum (p) is the product of mass x velocity. Here, p' is the relativistic momentum and m is the rest mass. Once again we can see that the momentum this time will tend towards infinity as we reach the speed of light. Using one of Einstein's most famous equations E = mc2 we can now see that if the mass does tend towards infinity that an infinite amount of energy will be needed to remain at constant velocity let alone accelerate. Time dilation is another consequence of travelling at relativistic speed. We've all heard about the ‘twin paradox' if one twin went on a space journey at 99.5% the speed of light and returned in what he judged to be 4 years the other twin with have aged by 40 yrs! These effects cannot be seen with humans, yet it has been tested and seen to occur with particles at the atomic scale. So any sci-fi movie where the astronauts return home after visiting other galaxies after travelling at the speed of light is clearly impossible, if they had been travelling for any length of time they would have probably come back to their grandchildren. To explain this if you could imagine a spacecraft with a light source perpendicular to the motion; If there were an observer on the spacecraft and the light travelled 0.6m it would take 2 nanoseconds to travel that distance. By using a simple equation speed = distance/ time the light is travelling speed = 0.6 x 2Ãâ€"10-9 = 3Ãâ€"108 ms-1 this should not come to as a surprise as this is the speed of light. However if the observer then was then stationary with the spacecraft moving past them, they would see the light take this direction: Now in pre-relativistic (Newtonian) physics, both observers record the same period of time. Consequently, the velocity recorded by the two observers is different: the Earth-bound observer would record a greater velocity for the beam of light. But taking into account Einstein's assumption that the speed of light doesn't change, and is the same for both observers, the distance for the light to travel doesn't change as it is not in the direction of travel, the time which the light takes obviously changes. Does this then mean there is no such thing as absolute time? The distance that would have been observed for the light to travel would have been 1m so using the equation time = distance / speed, time = 1 / 3Ãâ€"108 = 3Ãâ€"10-9 s, so we can conclude the clock on the space craft is slower than that when stationary. This is given by the equation: If v

Explain the Problem of Evil Essay

The problem of evil refers to the nature of God. Many assume that God is benevolent but hardly anyone really considers the possibility that God is not all good but rather an all evil, malevolent God. The question is if God is all good and all powerful, then why did he create a world full of evil and suffering? There is so much suffering in this world that a lot of people find it hard to believe that, if God does exist, he is good. There is the argument that an all good, all powerful God would create some suffering in the world to perhaps allow people to achieve greater goods. However, in all honesty, there is more evil than good in the world and so the likely hood of that isn’t very high. So in order to explain the nature of the problem of evil, then one has to consider the possibility of an evil God as well as a benevolent one. Is God willing to prevent evil, but unable to? Is God able to prevent evil, but unwilling to do so? Or is God able to prevent evil and willing to? If everyone goes along with the assumed theory that God is all good, it is harder to come up with reasons and theories that would explain Gods reason for allowing evil and suffering in the world. However, if you consider the idea that God is not all good but rather evil, then everything becomes clearer. Then again, there is the question of if there is an all evil God, then why did he create beauty and happiness in the world? Or why did he bother creating the world in the first place if he was just going to see it destroyed by the evil within human nature? The answer is this; he simply created beauty and goodness so that he could take it all away, to see us all suffer. This theory however, only seems to raise new questions rather than just answering the old and so it still leaves the question, is God good or bad? Another argument would be free will. The Bible states that God granted humans the gift of free will. However some would say that as a result of this, we have created our own evil and suffering. We start our own wars; we are the reason so many people are dying of starvation. But then there are those who would argue that it is better to have free will because it is a good that ‘far outweighs the evil it produces’. The Ireanean theodicy attempts to explain natural evil as well as moral evil. This theodicy states that things like bad experiences can make a person stronger. For example people who have suffered through a life threatening disease and survived may say that they have actually gained something from it,  regardless to how much pain it brought. Similarly, by creating natural evil, God is allowing us to ‘grow and develop morally and spiritually’. However the issue with this theory is that it fails to explain why God allows suffering to be distributed to some, while others enrich themselves in luxury. Therefore we are again brought to the question ‘is God good or bad?’ There are other ways of explaining why evil happens. One is Augustine’s theory that evil is the result of angels who turned away from God. Generally, Augustine’s theodicy is the traditionally accepted one. He based his theory on two key passages from the bible: Genesis 3 and Romans 5:12-20. Augustine believed in a good God who created the world with goodness and evil is a ‘privation of good’, not an entity itself but something that lacks goodness.

A Critique of Frye’s, Jordan’s, and Miller’s Feminist Theories Essay

Marilyn Frye’s feminist theory is based on a mix of art and philosophy as well as a presentation of her own ideas in the context of the world. Frye’s theory stresses among other things, the fact that the power of feminism is embedded in the capability of making women’s lives and their experiences understood by a vast majority of the people (Frye, 1983). On the other hand, Jordan’s feminist theory lays emphasis on the woman’s self with reference to her relational well-being (Jordan, 1991). Closely related to this, Miller’s theory is based on the view that there is need to address women’s experiences and make the world understand them better. Thus, Miller suggests that in order to understand women, there is need to understand their lives and values (Miller, 1987; Davis, 1999). This paper will examine and appraise the aforementioned theories and draw a conclusion based on the flaws or incongruence depicted by the theories, and will thus suggest whether the theories can be used together or as separate entities. Frye’s Feminist Theory Frye affirms that in order to understand women fully, that is in terms of their feelings, motivations, ambitions and how they are likely to react to different situations, there is need to understand their driving forces, which are the determining factors in various responses (Frye, 1983). Frye’s feminist theory thus presents an attempt to explain the forces and how they apply to different women. While it may be true that there are deciding forces behind every woman’s response to different situations, it is also evident that the forces cannot be studied conclusively. This viewpoint is instigated by the fact that women live in different conditions, and these conditions are likely to affect how they react to different circumstances. Thus, a generalization cannot be used to describe women’s attitudes. In view of sex and sexuality, Frye notes that sex roles have inhibited men and women from being in charge of their choices since the activities involved in sex are already predetermined (Hoagland & Frye 2000). However, this supposition fails to address the sex drives involved among same-sex partners. Thus, even though Frye notes that women are sexually oppressed, it is difficult to concur with the argument since sexual freedom has increased tremendously in the world over the past few years. Frye’s likening of women to a birdcage in which if one observes one wire of the cage, she or he is likely not to see the other wires present in the cage (Davis, 1999) presents an interesting point of discussion. This is true given that in there are instances when women are ignored, for example in restaurants when waiters expect men in company of women to pay the bills. This implies that much attention is paid to men, who are perceived to be a superior sex. Jordan’s Feminist Theory This theory emphasizes the connections among different aspects of women’s lives, which are developed through relationships. It dwells on factors such as sexism and heterosexism, which separate women and alienate them from the rest of the society, thus subjecting them to a lot of suffering (Jordan, 1991). In view of this, while it is true that women are more affected by issues that concern sex it is also imperative to note that such issues are not just limited to women. Concisely, men also suffer from issues related to sex. Jordan’s theory also dwells on the self-condition of women in relation to their relational wellbeing. Jordan emphasizes that most Western psychological theories tend to point too much on the woman’s self rather than her relations with others (Jordan, 1997). Along this line, Jordan asserts that men have subordinated women and view them as their subjects, thereby undermining women’s relation capacity. This presumption has some substance with reference to how women were treated in the past. However, it may loose significance in the contemporary world where women have taken more leadership positions and have better control of their undertakings. Jordan addresses desire by relating it to adolescent sexuality, noting that it arises from people’s integration with others and creation of relationships (Jordan, 1997). This is true in the context of what people commonly refer to as â€Å"real love† that develops between men and women through their continued association. On the other hand, since relationships commonly break, there is an indication of a flaw in Jordan’s theory. Nevertheless, Jordan’s point of challenging the tendency by men to be dominant over women (Jordan, 1991) stresses the need for equality between men and women. Miller’s Feminist Theory Miller focuses on the concern of men’s domination over women and their tendency to subordinate them (Miller, 1987). She asserts that the propensity by men to be dominant over women causes conflict between the two sexes because men fail to understand women. Miller also notes that in dealing with conflict, women, who are usually the subordinates revert to overt conflict, a phenomenon that is prevalent in the present day (Miller, 1987). Miller therefore questions why men should be dominant over women yet women have equal capabilities do what men can do. Miller’s feminist theory is important in addressing gender disparity in the world. It also supports women in having voices to do what pleases them irrespective of what men think about them. However, its flaw lies in the fact that it fails to address why men have higher propensity to be dominant over women and why women usually revert to overt conflict when dealing with men. Conclusion The feminist theories by Frye, Jordan and Miller all address issues that though not congruent are closely related. Frye’s theory is centered on understanding women; Jordan’s theory recognizes the woman’s self worth and the importance of women’s participation in relations; whereas Miller’s theory in centered on understanding women and why men should not treat them as subordinates. All these issues are closely related since they address the status of women and their role in the society, which is paramount in eliminating injustices against them. Hence the theories should treated together to achieve the objective. References Davis, F. (1999). Moving the mountain: The women’s movement in America since 1960: Chicago: University of Illinois Press Frye, M. (1983). Politics of reality: Essays on feminist theory. New York: Ten Speed Press Frye, M. (1992). Willful Virgin: Essays in Feminism, 1976-1992. New York: The Crossing Press, Inc. Hoagland, S. L. & Frye M. (2000). Feminist interpretations of Mary Daly. Pennsylvania: Penn State Press Jordan, J. (1991). Women’s growth in connection: New York: Guilford Publications, Inc Jordan, J. (1997). Women’s growth in diversity. New York: Guilford Press Miller, J. (1987). Toward a new psychology of women. Boston, MA: Beacon.

Male Bashing Stereotype Essay

â€Å"The Male Bashing Stereotype† by Kimberly Graham, unveils the secret of creativity, which is by her own admission a process of â€Å"uneducation,† rather than one of education. The premise here is to discard the rules we’ve learned about creative writing, and formulate new ones that actually work for us. Goldberg teaches workshops where current writers go not to learn the craft, but to actually tap into the creative process using a more â€Å"hands on† approach. Goldberg’s approach offers challenging concepts and positive solutions. Natalie Goldberg is a firm believer in the writing exercise, which is an excellent way to keep in good form. The author, a practicing Zen Buddhist, manages to address most of the problems that sabotage the process itself. According to Goldberg, it is the way we approach and perceive the craft itself that ultimately prevents writers from producing the work. She opens with a chapter labeled, â€Å"First Thoughts,† which advocates letting go of all of one’s ego and inhibition. â€Å"We must trust in our own process and voice,† she insists. This first statement rings absolutely true. In writer’s groups writers come and go frequently. The ones that ultimately persevere in the craft are the ones that don’t have thin skins. Goldberg quotes a cherished Zen master as having said, â€Å"We must continue to open in the face of great opposition† (Rinpoche12). For this reason, the writer has to be able to separate themselves from his or her work. The work may in fact be an extension or reflection of the writer’s personal experience, but this is where the association ends. Unless the work is viewed through this lens, critique will always seem like a personal attack, instead of an aspect for improvement. Goldberg prefers first thoughts because she says, â€Å"First thoughts are unencumbered by ego† (8).

Biological weapons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Saving Money at the Grocery Store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Saving Money at the Grocery Store - Essay Example Grocery stores have many tricks and traps to make people buy expensive items or increasing the level of their purchases by tempting them. It is very important for people to be able to save money at the grocery store because food items are what tend to cause a great deal of financial loss at the end of each month. This paper aims to discuss the various ways in which a person can save money at a grocery store, as well as the best saves and stores in the east and west coast. Each and every grocery store is designed in a very fashionable manner; this means that the food items are placed very strategically, making it difficult for people not to get tempted by them. For example, the fruit and vegetables that cost the least amount of money would be placed towards the back whereas dinner kits and expensive and exotic food items from other countries would be on display, tempting people into loading them into their shopping carts. Most grocery stores are laden with such traps which people find difficult to decipher and escape from and thus people need to be focused on the food items that they want to purchase. For this, a list must be prepared and adhered to; if a person is able to diligently purchase everything on his list and nothing more, then he will be able to save on a lot more money than expected. ... It is pertinent to understand the location of each and every required item in a grocery store; most people are not aware of where the items lie and thus tend to walk around aisles and shelves picking out whatever they see instead of going towards the back sections where the actual frozen fruits and vegetables lay. The fresh foods always tend to lie towards the back of any grocery store and it is always helpful to have someone assisting in order to make the correct purchases. People should visit a single grocery store and get acquainted to it rather than go to different stores and find different food items. This helps in not only knowing exactly where what lies, but also in helping them resist from making exorbitant purchases because people tend to overlook the fancy items once they begin seeing the same things again and again in the same section. Furthermore, if a person needs to save on some more money, fruits, vegetables and other durable and fresh food items should be bought from local markets and not from grocery stores because the stores tend to charge more in order to cover their overheads. Visiting a grocery store means looking at a lot of food; not only fresh foods but also readymade meals, deserts, cooked items etc. All of this tends to make people hungry and that is why they end up buying more; many researchers state that when people go hungry to grocery stores or supermarkets, they feel like eating more food because of all the food that is around them and available in well packaged containers. Many people might even get hungry while shopping and thus buy items on the spot in order to eat and that is why, in order to save some

COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL Essay

COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL - Essay Example In order that the costing system is effective so as to support the management control systems, a consideration of various financial and non-financial performance measures is undertaken to introduce the costing systems. This so because the functions of the management control systems is not only to collect the information but also to act upon an analysis of such data and information to steer the organization towards success. Hence arises the need for these performance measures. Some organizations present financial and non-financial performance measures for their subunits in a single report called the Balanced Scorecard. Different organizations stress different elements in their scorecards, but most scorecards include Considering the incorporation of the financial and non-financial measures in the management control systems, an Activity Based Costing system (ABC) would be appropriate for the new online company as well as the existing merchandising division of the company. Activity based costing systems refine costing systems by focusing on individual activities as the fundamental cost objects. An activity is an event, task, or unit of work with a specified purpose; for example designing, setting up machines, distribution.

Criminal Litigation. Case Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Criminal Litigation. Case Management - Essay Example The inclusion of expert evidence in civil and trial has increased remarkably to encompass, for example, modern and innovative scientific procedures and related assessment reports. This paper critically examines how courts have influenced expert evidence at trial. Common law traditions require that expert witnesses are only sought with the permission of the court and that the principal obligation of the experts is to remain impartial to the court during the course of their submissions. The obligations and conduct of expert witnesses are well stated in both the Practice Direction 35 and the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) Part 35, with CPR Part 35.3 specifically indicating that: experts are duty-bound to assist the judicial process on the issues within the scope of their respective professions. The obligation surpasses any duty to the party from whom such a professional has received briefing or who is responsible for their earnings (Gans 353). In addition, Practice Direction 35.2 also indicates that expert evidence should be the impartial outcome of the expert who is free from the duress caused by the long-drawn and challenging litigation procedures. However, the fact that there are two different categories of experts raises the controversy of impartiality at trial. As Sonenshein and Fitzpatrick (14) noted, an expert with clear directions to provide evidence at trial and another expert whose evidence is basically advisory may have clearly delineated mandates. However, the provisions of CPR Part 35 and Practice Direction 35 normally apply in factual evidence provision rather than giving opinion evidence at trial. Expert evidence in court processes is regarded as having the potential to shade more light on issues which are beyond the understanding of conventional fact-finding process. However, members of the court are sometimes ill-equipped to tell whether expert

Customer Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Customer Experience - Essay Example a new banking outlet, particularly in an overseas location, it is imperative for the banking institution adequately prepares for the groundbreaking exercise and positioning that will facilitate sustainability. Some of the intricate issues that determine the success of a newly opened branch in the banking sector are generally related to the first impression created regarding customer experience. Customer experience can be memorable for either good or bad reasons. How suitable and pleasant an experience gets to the newcomers is usually dependent on the trend set from the beginning. It follows that the remainder of the experience in a new market is defined in the initial stages of market positioning and establishment. Aware of these facts, Cooperative Bank and Smile UK Limited will require the detail of the following study regarding the new market in Tanzania for the creation of an appropriate customer. According to Avaya (2008, P1), both local and international banking institutions find a huge challenge to balance their strategy mix and technological capacity to facilitate sustainable customer relationships. According to the revelations of the group, today’s customer experience has changed a lot due to a number of factors. One of the most important factors that have necessitated a different approach to handling of customer experience is the easy availability of information that has impacted on customer expectations. In view of the new market in Tanzania, this study reveals some of the most important information that the management of Cooperative Bank and Smile will need to handle the changed customer experience issues in Tanzania. Comparing the banking sector in the UK to that in Tanzania, there are fundamental differences in the economic settings of the two countries. While the UK is an industrialized economy, Tanzania is a developing country, where profound differences in operations will be experienced. Performance in the developed economy presents quite

Should Prostitution Be Prohibited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Prostitution Be Prohibited - Essay Example Furthermore, it promotes the growth of an immorally-based community. Based on the above underpinning evidence, it is justifiable to strongly say that prostitution ought to be prohibited in our society. Prohibition of prostitution will reduce the high number of incidences of adultery. Prostitution gives men the opportunity to cheat on their girlfriends and wives in an easy. Therefore, if it is prohibited cheating men will suffer extremely consequences since the law will be on their toes. As a result, the number of men who take advantage of prostitutes, wives, or girlfriend will decrease dramatically. Indeed, prostitution ought to be prohibited since it gives rise to many problems in relationships and marriage as well as pave way for many other crimes. Prohibition of prostitution will create a friendly environment for all; especially the children. This is because prostitution makes it hard to explain to children the difference between money and sex, and love and sex since it make them believe that money is more worthy than self-esteem and love. Prostitution immensely affects the morale of a society or community. This is because it makes such a society ignore and become immune to graphicness of sexual images that are thrown in its members faces daily. As a result, members of a society hardly understand the significance of private and personal relationships. In fact, prostitution lowers women dignity since it makes them send the message to men that it is alright to be treated like sexual objects. Connectively, many women are subject to wrath of sexual pressure in order to measure up to hookers. Prostitution, breaking up of ethical and social barriers that many women have worked on in order to reduce sexual harassment occurs. Prohibition of prostitution will help reduce the mentality harbored by many men that women can easily be bought and sold like goods or services. Prohibition of prostitution will help avoid turning sex into a full-blown business. Prostitution has a high likelihood of making sexual services commercial; hence, making them likes any other consumer and entertainment goods. For instance, there many casinos, in Australia where prostitution is legal, which deal with sexual favor chips that, are cashed in at various local brothels (Weitzer 67). Commercialization of sex will be eliminated upon prohibition of prostitution. Prohibition of prostitution will also reduce the large number of crimes rates that are sky-rocketing. According to Weitzer (87), most prostitutes sell their bodies since they are in dire need of money to purchase illegal drugs. In connection to this, prohibition of prostitution will cut down the rate of illegal drug trafficking. Governments that have legalized prostitution on ly serve to promote street or underground prostitution to avoid paying taxes that these governments charge. These prostitutes feel fail to pay taxes since they believe that they did all the work alone; therefore, they should reap their profits and benefits alone. This, in turn, increases the number of crime and abuse against hookers since it put quite a number of them on the streets. Prohibition of prostitution will further will reduce or eliminate the number of advertisements for sexual favors that pop up on every street; even in places that families and parents strongly oppose them to be. As a result, incidences of children developing immune to the promiscuity of their society and